Tunnel-lining



Patented May 30, |899.

T. H. MURPHY.

TUNNEL LlNlNG.

(Application mea may 19, 189e.)

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

THOMAS H. MURPHY, OF4 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

TUNNEL-LINING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 626,078, dated 'May 30,1899.

Application liled May 19, 1898. Serial No. 681,127. 'Hn mnlel.-

To a/ZZ whom t may concerna- Be it -known that l, THOMAS H. MURPHY, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Boston, (Oharlestowm)State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Tunnel-Linings, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in tunnel-linings to be used in theconstruction of tunnels and subways in connection with the use of ashield which is employed in the process of excavation in a well-knownmanner.

Heretofore shields have been used most successively in connection with atunnel-lining comprising cast-iron sections in the form of segment-boxesbolted together in a circle, which receive the direct pressure of therams which are employed to push the field forward into the heading andcut out the excavation. This lining has been expensive and requiresconsiderable time to erect. Various attempts have been made to usegronting concrete or loose bricks laid together without mortar as anouter lining to receive the thrust of the shield and inclosing an innerlining of brick masonry, as it has been found wholly impracticable toreceive the shield pressure upon newly-laid masonry. The groutingconcrete when used as an outerlining requires time to set and whenpressed upon before setting will check or crack the green or newly-laidmasonry and render the lining of the tunnel faulty.

The object of my invention is to provide a combined outer` tunnel-liningand shield abutment-ring within which the masonryof the tunnel-liningmaybe built, or a concrete lining may be secured and completelyprotected both against the pressure and destructive actions ofextraneous or unexcavated material until the inner lining containinglime or cement has been thoroughly dry and set.'

My invention consists in an outer tunnellining made of wooden blocks orsections locked together and placed one upon the other and securedtogether, the circumferential joints being preferably laid with sheetsof suitable waterproof material, as burlap soaked in tar, which will,when tightly compressed by the rams, provide a non-yielding abutment toreceive the pressure of the shield and also a water-tight outer liningfor the masonry.

My invention further consists in securing inwardly-projecting bolts tothe wooden lining, having bond-plates upon their inner end to hold theconcrete or other inner lining more securely to the outer lining, aswill hereinafter appear with reference to the accompanying drawings,wherein- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a series of blocks, lining,and connecting-pieces laid together to form my improved outer lining;Fig. 2, a transverse section upon a reduced scale of a tunnel formed inaccordance with my invention, and Fig. 3 a perspective detailofasegmental lining-strip and fragments of two adjacent strips.

The tunnel-lining, as shown in Fig. 1, comprises an outer lining ofwooden blocks matched and interlocked at their ends and placed in ringsor in a continuous ring circumferentially within the bore of the tunnel,the wooden blocks 1, as shown, having a V- shaped protrusion 2 at oneend and a corre- -sponding V-shaped indenture 3 at the other end tomatch and interlock with each other, and thus provide a self-supportingcylindrical shell, against which the outer unexcavated loose and liquidmaterial of the tunnel-bore may be supported. The circumferential seamsbetween the layers of wooden blocks may be protected and be madewaterproof by a layer of waterproof material 4, as burlap, formed insegmental sections, with rabbeted ends 5, soaked in tar and placedbetween each layer of blocks and compressed together with the blocks bymeans of the rams in a solid cylindrical mass, the burlap layer breakingjoint with the blocks and the blocks and burlap sections being built upcontinuously, one following the other, the pistons of the rams beingreleased and adj usted successively and continually, thus enabling theshield to be g pushed forward without intermission.

The continuous method of laying the outer lining and moving the shieldforward uninterruptedly is of great advantage both for expediting theWork and for keeping the constant pressure upon the outer lining torender it perfectly water-tight before the inside lining is laid. Therings of blocks being thus tightly compressed by the rams may be tiedtogether by lagging 6, placed longitudinally within the outer lining andspiked to the IOO blocks either as a sheathing or at suitable distancesapart. The entire shell forming the inner lining is thus made compact,watertight, and of pieces of any required size or sizes to thus use upWaste material, the whole lining being securely bound together toprovide a strong continuous self-su pportin g shell should the shield beremoved or the pressure taken from all the rams.

The inner lining 7 maybe laid Within a lining such as described in asecure and workmanlike manner, suitable bolts 8 being passed through andheld between the Wooden blocks and secured thereto in a suitable manner,the inner end of said bolts projecting Within the outer lining andprovided with bound or bond plates 9, thus providing an anchorage for aninner lining of concrete or grouting, which may be readily shaped to anydesired design of cross-section, either to suit the purposes of thetunnel or to provide subconduits for drainage, gas, water, and electricconductors in a simple, inexpensive, and

expeditious manner.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. Atunnel-lining comprising an outer circle of segmental Wooden blocksplaced end for end and one upon the other and secured together in ringsto receive the rams of a tunneling-shield and connectedtogetherinasuitable manner longitudinally to provide a selfsustainingouter shell to closely follow the shield and an inner lining of suitablematerial as masonry or concrete to be protected by said outer lininguntil set substantially, as dcscribed.

2. Atunnel-lining comprisinga cylindrical shell of Wooden sectionsforming continuous rings intermediate sheets of Waterproof material, andlongitudinal lagging-stripssecured to and across the woodenring-sections to connect them together substantially as described.

3. In a tunnel-lining an outer shell comprising a series of woodensections interposed sheets of waterproof material, bond -plate boltssecured to and projecting outwardly from said outer shell and an innerlining secured bysaid bolts substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS II. MURPHY.

\Vitnesses:

WM. II. RowE, CORNELIUS G. HAsTINGs.

